Organic composting design and development
It is necessary to do proper waste management. There are various methods for waste management to refuse disposal waste such as we can refuse disposal waste by open dump, incineration, ocean and river dumping deep well injection, sanitary landfills, animal feeding g, and composting . Out of these various methods, the composting is the best method and it can be done in a
proper way at household level or community level also. Now the question is how the composting can be done and
what type of wastes can be composted? For that it should need to know the types of wastes. There are different
types of wastes. One of them is solid wastes which is largely produced every day in our country . The
solid waste contains organic wastes as well as inorganic wastes. So, the separation that means segregation of an
organic wastes and an inorganic waste plays an important role to manage the solid waste . By segregating these
wastes, it will become very easy for further process. In solid wastes, the amount of an organic waste is greater in
comparison with an inorganic waste . So, an organic waste can be recycled and used to make compost of it and
an inorganic waste can be collected and stored in better way . An organic waste which can be composted
includes an industrial wastes like food, paper and pulp, yard and garden wastes, kitchen wastes like fruits, teabag,
peelings, sand, egg shell etc . Hence, with properorganic waste management, the amount of affects and the
problems arriving from this waste like pollution or effects on human’s health will be definitely reduced in better
manner .
The process of degradation of an organic degradable material is called composting . The composting is the
better and safe process and method for management of waste as compared to other conventional waste
management methods like open dump, ocean dumping, animal feeding etc . Composting is the best
process of decomposition. Composting is done by
Review Article
First Online on – 30 March 20
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 International
Cite this article – Rohini Pochhi, Rakhi Chede, Sandeep Thakare, “Design
and Development of Solar Powered Compost Bin – A Review”,
International Journal of Computational and Electronic Aspects in
Engineering, RAME Publishers, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 1-5, 2021.
Rohini Pochhi et. Al.
2
Int. J. of Computational and Electronic Aspects in Engineering recycling an organic waste and convert it into useful
products. Increase of waste can be controlled by management of organic waste with the composting
method . Also, an organic waste can be further categorized into three that are municipal solid waste,
kitchen waste and agriculture waste . Composting of an organic waste produces compost which can be used as
a fertilizer . Many companies are already working on composting, but there are various targets and factors to
maintain and achieve and every time it is not possible to achieve them at community level or an industrial level
. So, if we start to segregate the wastes like dry waste and wet waste separately by making separate dust bins
for it and start to compost the biodegradable wastes at our houses and at household level, then it will help to reduce
the amount of waste . Some sensors can be used with composting such as temperature sensor, moisture sensor
and humidity sensor etc. for controlling parameters like temperature, moisture and humidity also . Usually,
composting process or compost bins are worked with electricity which becomes more costly and it requires
high maintenance also and bad odor problem also arrive through this . For that, this proposed system is the
best to overcome all these problems, which will be worked on solar powered supply. Compost bins are very
useful to manage waste in better way and at household level, which is basically just great and best way to reduce
the amount of waste . There are various advantages
of making compost from the wastes, that are composting improves the structure as well as fertility of the soil
which is best for agriculture applications, an environment becomes healthy as management of waste through
composting reduces waste .
II. METHODOLOGY
Flow chart for process of composting is shown in
figure 1.
A. Waste Detection
Input waste is pushed into the proposed system through inlet. The process of detection of the waste is
done using sensors like IR proximity sensor and starts the system. The metal detection system is also used to detect
the metallic waste.
B. Waste Classification
After detection of the waste, waste is classified or
distinguish between dry waste, wet waste and metallic
waste separately. So, the classification of the waste is
done according to waste detection.
Figure 1. Flow chart for process of Composting .
C. Waste Collection
According to the classification of the waste, wastes
are collected separately into separate containers. Separate
collection of the waste is very important for further
processing directly.
D. Waste Deposition
The wet waste like vegetables waste, egg shells, food
waste, peels etc. are deposited in the shredder for
composting.
E. Waste Shredding
The process of shredding is done in the shredder. The
shredding of the waste means mixing of the waste into
small pieces. All the wet wastes are applied to the
shredder and shred it into the tiny particles.
Design and Development of Solar Powered Compost Bin – A Review
Int. J. of Computational and Electronic Aspects in Engineering www.rame.org.in
F. Heating
The shredded waste that is tiny particles of that wet
waste is then transferred into a heated chamber. In this
heated chamber, tiny particles rotates and wastes are then
mixed with some sawdust. It removes moisture from that
waste and also prevents it from bad odor. This heated
chamber is totally worked on solar powered supply and
the mixture of this waste is heated with the help of solar
energy. This mixture needs to keep in this chamber for
around two days.
G. Transfer of Compost
The newly made compost after two days from the
heated chamber will get, which will be then transferred to
any storage container or it may be storage rack for
cooling it for near about seven to eight days.
III. METHODS OF COMPOSTING
A. In-Vessel Composting
Composting by this method is dependent on
mechanical technique and some forced aeration. This
method is very helpful to enhance composting process.
B. Vermicomposting
To degrade an organic waste, an earthworm is used in
this method. An earthworm can eat weight per day. This
method is useful to improve the fertility of the soil.
C. Windrow Composting
In this method, raw materials are used in long narrow
windrows which are regularly turned. By using this
method of composting, composting is done rapidly, but it
is quite difficult and its cost is also high.
D. Sheet Composting
In this composting method, organic materials are
decayed. Organic materials are spread into the soil
directly. This method is cost effective and simple in use.